KONFLIK GEOPOLITIK ANTARA IRAN DAN ARAB SAUDI SERTA PENGARUHNYA DALAM PEMENUHAN HAK-HAK WARGA NEGARA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70656/tonji.v1i1.844Keywords:
Saudi Arabia, Geopolitics, Citizens' Rights, IranAbstract
The geopolitical rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia has long been a key factor contributing to instability in the Middle East. This competition is reflected in the struggle for regional influence, involvement in proxy wars, and the emergence of sectarian identity polarization across various countries in the region. This study aims to analyze the role of the state in ensuring the protection of citizens' fundamental rights amidst these regional conflict dynamics. This research is a legal study employing a normative method with conceptual and statutory approaches. Through these approaches, the research examines various legal principles, doctrines, and legal instruments related to state obligations in protecting human rights during geopolitical conflicts. The results indicate that the rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia has the potential to affect the fulfillment of citizens' rights, including economic, social, civil, and political rights. A shift in state policy priorities toward militaristic national security often results in a lack of attention to the fulfillment of basic community rights. Furthermore, political dynamics that exploit sectarian identities also have the potential to trigger discrimination against domestic minority groups. Consequently, this study concludes that protecting citizens in the midst of regional conflicts requires strengthening state commitment to human rights principles and policies that emphasize a human security approach. The state must place the protection of its citizens as a top priority to ensure the welfare and safety of the community amidst the ever-evolving dynamics of international politics.
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References
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Muhammad Maulana Ismail, Yudhia Ismail, Humiati. “TINJAUAN YURIDIS TERHADAP PELINDUNGAN PEKERJA MIGRAN INDONESIA.” InterdisciplinaryExplorationsinResearch Journal (IERJ) 3, no. 2 (2025): 857–79.
Mustahyun, Mustahyun. “Rivalitas Arab Saudi Dan Iran Di Timur Tengah Pada Arab Spring Suriah Tahun 2011-2016.” Journal of Islamic World and Politics 1, no. 1 (2017). https://doi.org/10.18196/jiwp.1105.
Mustofa, Ahmad Zainal. “REKONSILIASI ARAB SAUDI DAN IRAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF KONSTRUKTIVISME.” JRP (Jurnal Review Politik) 13, no. 2 (2023): 253–77.
Prakoso Haidarullah Anggoro, Setiyono Joko, Susetyorini Peni. “Pelanggaran Hukum Humaniter Internasional Atas Serangan Udara Koalisi Negara-Negara Arab Dalam Konflik Bersenjata (Studi Kasus : Pengeboman Fasilitas Penahanan Milik Pemberontak Houthi Di Kota Dhamar, Yaman).” Diponegoro Law Journal 10 (2021): 5–24.
Putra, Rizki Pratama, Maryam Jamilah, Poppy Irawan, Program Studi, Ilmu Hubungan, Ilmu Politik, and Universitas Andalas. “INTERVENSI MILITER ARAB SAUDI TERHADAP KONFLIK YAMAN UNTUK MEMBENDUNG PENGARUH IRAN DI TIMUR TENGAH.” Jurnal PIR 4, no. 1 (2019): 76–99.
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Susilowati, Ida, Sheilavia Nur Rizqita, and Rudi Candra. “The Impact of Yemen’s Proxy War on Geopolitics in the Middle East 2015-2023.” Journal of Islamic World and Politics 9, no. 2 (2025): 218–31. https://doi.org/10.18196/jiwp.v9i2.212.
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Tasnur, Irvan, and Fitra Widya Wati. “Konflik Sunni-Syiah Pasca Arab Spring: Menelusuri Motif Politik Dibalik Perang Berkepanjangan Di Suriah.” Jurnal Academia Praja 2, no. 02 (2019). https://doi.org/10.36859/jap.v2i02.112.
Umam, Khotibul. “Rivalitas Arab Saudi, Iran, Dan Israel Di Kawasan Timur Tengah.” Populika 10, no. 2 (2022): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.37631/populika.v10i2.509.
Utami, Afini Nurdina, Syaiful Anam, and Ahmad Mubarak Munir. “Pengaruh Pertentangan Ideologi Sunni-Syi’ah Terhadap Hubungan Bilateral Arab Saudi-Iran Di Timur Tengah.” Indonesian Journal of Peace and Security Studies (IJPSS) 4, no. 1 (2022): 65–81. https://doi.org/10.29303/ijpss.v4i1.111.
Wajdi, Farid, and Imran Imran. “Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia Dan Tanggung Jawab Negara Terhadap Korban.” Jurnal Yudisial 14, no. 2 (2022): 229. https://doi.org/10.29123/jy.v14i2.445.
Zahir, Mustofa. “Kebijakan Arab Saudi Melakukan Intervensi Militer Di Yaman Dalam Perspektif Level Analisis Individu.” Journal of International Relations 5, no. 2 (2019): 290–303.
Abdullah, Abdullah. “Mediasi Tiongkok Dalam Normalisasi Hubungan Diplomatik Iran-Arab Saudi 2023.” Global and Policy Journal of International Relations 13, no. 01 (2025): 28–40. https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v13i01.5095.
Ali, Hemn Shawkat. “Saudi-Iranian Rapprochement and Its Implications for the Security and Stability of the Middle East: A Case Study of Yemen and Syria.” Jurnal Tapis: Jurnal Teropong Aspirasi Politik Islam 19, no. 2 (2023): 26–54. https://doi.org/10.24042/tps.v19i2.17713.
Arsyad, Humairah. “Pemetaan Konflik Panjang Arab Saudi Dan Iran.” Jurnal Kolaborasi Resolusi Konflik 4, no. 2 (2022): 101. https://doi.org/10.24198/jkrk.v4i2.37265.
Basundoro, Alfin Febrian. “PERANG PROKSI KONTEMPORER ARAB SAUDI-IRAN SEBAGAI BENTUK TURBULENSI TIMUR TENGAH: SEBUAH ANALISIS GEOPOLITIK.” Jurnal Penelitian Politik 17, no. 1 (2020): 1–16.
Bhasuki, Alvis Rahman, John Daniel Chrisvaldo Siahaan, Windy Dermawan, and Akim. “Perang Saudara Di Yaman: Analisis Kepentingan Negara Interventif Dan Prospek Resolusi Konflik.” Jurnal Ilmu Politik Dan Komunikasi IX, no. 1 (2019).
Ekzayez, Abdulkarim, Yasser Alhaj Ahmad, Hasan Alhaleb, and Francesco Checchi. “The Impact of Armed Conflict on Utilisation of Health Services in North-West Syria: An Observational Study.” Conflict and Health 15, no. 1 (2021): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-021-00429-7.
Firmansyah, Muhammad Yudhi. “Arab Saudi (Sunni) Dan Iran (Syi’ah) Kontemporer: Konflik Atau Persaingan?” The Journal of Religion and Communication Studies 1, no. 2 (2024): 58–70.
Fitri, Zifa Jesica, and Jihan Inaz Rassel. “Pelanggaran HAM Dalam Konflik Israel Dan Palestina Berdampak Terhadap Hilangnya Hak Asasi Manusia Khususnya Hak Anak.” Simbur Cahaya XXXI, no. 2 (2025): 368–78. https://doi.org/10.28946/sc.v31i2.3883.
Fiza Nabila Sa’idah, Maris Ahmed Azzurro. “Pelanggaran Hukum Humaniter Internasional Di Palestina: Studi Kasus Warga Sipil Di Rafah.” KULTURA: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora 2, no. 11 (2024): 531–36.
Hamid, Ihsan, and Ozi Setiadi. “Arab Saudi Dan Iran: Kontestasi Ideologi Dan Dampaknya Di Kawasan Timur Tengah Pasca The Arab Spring.” Politea 4, no. 1 (2021): 129. https://doi.org/10.21043/politea.v4i1.10453.
Herlianto, Mohammad Khoiri. “Peran Arab Saudi Dan Iran Pada Konflik Di Yaman Yang Menyebabkan Krisis Kemanusiaan Pada Tahun 2018.” Universitas Nasional, 2022.
Hidayat, Arsad, and Sabil Mokodenseho. “Dinamika Arab Sunni Dan Iran Syiah Di Era Kontemporer.” Jurnal Kewarganegaraan 6, no. 3 (2022): 5256–69.
Hidayat, Syarif. “PERLINDUNGAN ANAK TERHADAP KONFLIK BERSENJATA MENURUT ICRC INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS (ICRC) DI NEGARA YAMAN.” Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Sui Generis 2, no. 2 (2022): 117–23.
Imelda Azari, Aura, Savira Indah Septia Putri, Sylvia Faradiba, Maheswari Raynasywa Rasalhague, Dimas Aditya Hendrayana, Pramudita Aris Widodo, Nabila Auliyaul Haq, and Agus Subianto. “Konflik Sosial Kekerasan Bersenjata Dan Keamanan Masyarakat Sipil Di Intan Jaya Papua.” JUPEIS : Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Ilmu Sosial 5, no. 1 (2026): 125–30. https://doi.org/10.57218/jupeis.vol5.iss1.2347.
Januar Aditya Pratama, Yasmin Nur Habibah, Teduh Gentar Alam. “Sekuritisasi Pandemi COVID-19 Dan Tatanan Neoliberal: Menuju Deliberalisasi Ekonomi Global?” Jurnal Hubungan Internasional 14, no. 1 (2021): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.20473/jhi.v14i1.19670.
Jenderal, Universitas, and Achmad Yani. “DAMPAK KETERLIBATAN IRAN DALAM PROXY WAR YAMAN MELALUI KELOMPOK HOUTHI TERHADAP INSTABILITAS REGIONAL PADA TAHUN 2015-2020.” Global Insight Journal 02, no. 01 (2025).
Knudsen, John, and Sarah A Tobin. Chapter Title : The ( Re ) Making of a Palestinian Ghetto : Syrian Displacement and Urban Book Subtitle : Syria ’ s Refugees in the Middle East Part II Refugee Urbanism and Urban Policies, 2024.
Lombok, Lesza Leonardo, Angel Christi Singkoh, and Yolanda Salainti. “Perlindungan Warga Sipil Dalam Konflik Bersenjata (Studi Kasus Penggunaan Asas Pembedaan Dalam Konflik Di Suriah).” INVENTION: Journal of Intellectual Property Law 1, no. 1 (2025): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.70358/invention.v2i1.1471.
Maulana, Mohammad, Yayasan Lembaga, Bantuan Hukum, and Nur Akifah Janur. “TANGGUNG JAWAB NEGARA DALAM PEMENUHAN HAM DI BIDANG EKONOMI , SOCIAL , DAN BUDAYA NATIONAL RESPONSIBILITY IN THE FULFILLMENT OF RIGHTS IN THE ECONOMIC , SOCIAL , AND CULTURAL FIELDS” 1 (2020): 107–29.
Maulana, Muhamad Syahdy. “Persaingan Kekuatan Saudi Arabia (Sunni) Dan Iran (Syiah) Pada Kasus Konflik Kontemporer (Suriah Dan Yaman).” Jurnal Gama Societa 2, no. 2 (2019): 101. https://doi.org/10.22146/jgs.48867.
Muhammad Maulana Ismail, Yudhia Ismail, Humiati. “TINJAUAN YURIDIS TERHADAP PELINDUNGAN PEKERJA MIGRAN INDONESIA.” InterdisciplinaryExplorationsinResearch Journal (IERJ) 3, no. 2 (2025): 857–79.
Mustahyun, Mustahyun. “Rivalitas Arab Saudi Dan Iran Di Timur Tengah Pada Arab Spring Suriah Tahun 2011-2016.” Journal of Islamic World and Politics 1, no. 1 (2017). https://doi.org/10.18196/jiwp.1105.
Mustofa, Ahmad Zainal. “REKONSILIASI ARAB SAUDI DAN IRAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF KONSTRUKTIVISME.” JRP (Jurnal Review Politik) 13, no. 2 (2023): 253–77.
Prakoso Haidarullah Anggoro, Setiyono Joko, Susetyorini Peni. “Pelanggaran Hukum Humaniter Internasional Atas Serangan Udara Koalisi Negara-Negara Arab Dalam Konflik Bersenjata (Studi Kasus : Pengeboman Fasilitas Penahanan Milik Pemberontak Houthi Di Kota Dhamar, Yaman).” Diponegoro Law Journal 10 (2021): 5–24.
Putra, Rizki Pratama, Maryam Jamilah, Poppy Irawan, Program Studi, Ilmu Hubungan, Ilmu Politik, and Universitas Andalas. “INTERVENSI MILITER ARAB SAUDI TERHADAP KONFLIK YAMAN UNTUK MEMBENDUNG PENGARUH IRAN DI TIMUR TENGAH.” Jurnal PIR 4, no. 1 (2019): 76–99.
Putri, Safira Nurmalita Sari Hardiansyah. “JurnalTAPIsVol.18No.2Juli—Desember2022p-ISSN:0216-4396JurnalTapis:TeropongAspirasiPolitikIslam18(2)2022e-ISSN:2655-6057https://Ejounal.Radenintan.Ac.Id/Index.Php/TAPIs/Index121PERJALANAN ARAB SAUDI MENUJU DAMAI DENGAN IRAN SEBAGAI BENTUK TURBULANSI TIMUR ” 32, no. 3 (2021): 167–86.
Sarkhosh pour, Farhad, Ghaffar Zarei, and Amin Revanbod. “The Impact of the Geopolitical Position of the Strait of Hormuz on Iran’s Political Economy Challenges in the Persian Gulf.” Interdisciplinary Studies in Society, Law, and Politics 5, no. 1 (2026): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.isslp.344.
Shalihah, Febriani Amalina, and Hasan Sidik. “Pelanggaran Hukum Internasional Dalam Konflik Yaman Tahun 2015-2019 Dan Akibatnya Terhadap Situasi Krisis Kemanusiaan.” Jurnal ICMES 5, no. 1 (2021): 22–42. https://doi.org/10.35748/jurnalicmes.v5i1.100.
Susilowati, Ida, Sheilavia Nur Rizqita, and Rudi Candra. “The Impact of Yemen’s Proxy War on Geopolitics in the Middle East 2015-2023.” Journal of Islamic World and Politics 9, no. 2 (2025): 218–31. https://doi.org/10.18196/jiwp.v9i2.212.
Tampubolon, Otto Paian. “KAJIAN LITERATUR TENTANG HAK ASASI MANUSIA DALAM KONTEKS KONFLIK BERSENJATA.” JUDGE: Jurnal Hukum 4, no. 1 (2023): 66–69.
Tasnur, Irvan, and Fitra Widya Wati. “Konflik Sunni-Syiah Pasca Arab Spring: Menelusuri Motif Politik Dibalik Perang Berkepanjangan Di Suriah.” Jurnal Academia Praja 2, no. 02 (2019). https://doi.org/10.36859/jap.v2i02.112.
Umam, Khotibul. “Rivalitas Arab Saudi, Iran, Dan Israel Di Kawasan Timur Tengah.” Populika 10, no. 2 (2022): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.37631/populika.v10i2.509.
Utami, Afini Nurdina, Syaiful Anam, and Ahmad Mubarak Munir. “Pengaruh Pertentangan Ideologi Sunni-Syi’ah Terhadap Hubungan Bilateral Arab Saudi-Iran Di Timur Tengah.” Indonesian Journal of Peace and Security Studies (IJPSS) 4, no. 1 (2022): 65–81. https://doi.org/10.29303/ijpss.v4i1.111.
Wajdi, Farid, and Imran Imran. “Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia Dan Tanggung Jawab Negara Terhadap Korban.” Jurnal Yudisial 14, no. 2 (2022): 229. https://doi.org/10.29123/jy.v14i2.445.
Zahir, Mustofa. “Kebijakan Arab Saudi Melakukan Intervensi Militer Di Yaman Dalam Perspektif Level Analisis Individu.” Journal of International Relations 5, no. 2 (2019): 290–303.
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